Mangrove reforestation improves food security for Lombok fishers

On the east coast of Lombok Island, local communities dependent on crab fishing have started a mangrove planting program to restore crab habitats. Instead of selling immature crabs, some fishers are now raising them to adulthood alongside new mangroves, which yields a higher price and promotes a more sustainable population. This initiative, known as a silvofishery, addresses declining crab populations caused by overfishing. Mud crabs thrive in the muddy, sheltered conditions provided by mangroves, which trap sediment and reduce water flow. While Indonesia has the world's largest mangrove forests, up to 40% have been degraded, largely due to aquaculture. The silvofishery model aims to support livelihoods from aquaculture while sustaining coastal ecosystems. Mangrove roots provide shelter and nutrients for crabs, and crabs, in turn, aerate sediment, supporting forest health. However, officials note that limited access to technical training means farmers often learn mangrove restoration through trial and error. Local fishers have adapted their methods, reinforcing young trees against tides. A shift in governance in 2014 transferred authority over coastal waters from district to provincial governments, leaving farmers like Jamil to experiment without expert support. Despite these challenges, the earnings from mature crabs can be sufficient to support households.